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Structure improvement and strength finite element analysis of VHP welded rotor of 700°C USC steam turbine

Jinyuan SHI,Zhicheng DENG,Yong WANG,Yu YANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 88-104 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0387-1

摘要： The optimized structure strength design and finite element analysis method for very high pressure (VHP) rotors of the 700°C ultra-super-critical (USC) steam turbine are presented. The main parameters of steam and the steam thermal parameters of blade stages of VHP welded rotors as well as the start and shutdown curves of the steam turbine are determined. The structure design feature, the mechanical models and the typical position of stress analysis of the VHP welded rotors are introduced. The steady and transient finite element analysis are implemented for steady condition, start and shutdown process, including steady rated condition, 110% rated speed, 120% rated speed, cold start, warm start, hot start, very hot start, sliding-pressure shutdown, normal shutdown and emergency shutdown, to obtain the temperature and stress distribution as well as the stress ratio of the welded rotor. The strength design criteria and strength analysis results of the welded rotor are given. The results show that the strength design of improved structure of the VHP welded rotor of the 700°C USC steam turbine is safe at the steady condition and during the transient start or shutdown process.

关键词： 700°C ultra-super-critical unit steam turbine very high pressure rotor structure strength design strength design criteria finite element analysis

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Cooling performance of grid-sheets for highly loaded ultra-supercritical steam turbines

Dieter BOHN , Robert KREWINKEL , Shuqing TIAN ,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 313-320 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0036-7

摘要： In order to increase efficiency and achieve a further CO-reduction, the next generation of power plant turbines will have steam turbine inlet temperatures that are considerably higher than the current ones. The high pressure steam turbine inlet temperature is expected to be increased up to approximately 700°C with a live steam pressure of 30MPa. The elevated steam parameters in the high and intermediate pressure turbines can be encountered with Ni-base alloys, but this is a costly alternative associated with many manufacturing difficulties. Collaborative research centre 561 “Thermally Highly Loaded, Porous and Cooled Multi-Layer Systems for Combined Cycle Power Plants” at RWTH Aachen University proposes cooling the highly loaded turbines instead, as this would necessitate the application of far less Ni-base alloys. To protect the thermally highly loaded components, a sandwich material consisting of two thin face sheets and a core made from a woven wire mesh is used to cover the walls of the steam turbine casing. The cooling steam is led through the woven wire mesh between the two face sheets to achieve a cooling effect. The wire mesh provides the grid-sheet with structural rigidity under varying operating conditions.In the present work, the cooling performance of the grid-sheets will be investigated applying the conjugate heat transfer method to ultra-supercritical live and cooling steam conditions for a section of the cooling structure. The behaviour of the flow and the heat transfer in the grid-sheet will be analyzed in detail using a parameter variation. The numerical results should give a first prediction of the cooling performance under future operating conditions.

关键词： steam turbines 700& deg C-technology numerical inverstigation cooling

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三峡工程巨型水轮发电机组设计与实践

邵建雄,刘景旺,袁达夫

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第7期页码 104-110

摘要：

分析了三峡水轮发电机组设计中必须考虑的主要问题；总结了所进行的关键技术研究；通过关键技术问题研究，使得三峡水轮发电机组参数达到最优化。机组运行结果表明三峡水轮发电机组性能良好，能够长期安全、稳定、高效运行，从而有效地验证了对三峡巨型水轮发电机组的总体技术设计是科学合理的。

关键词：三峡工程 700 MW级水电机组单机容量设计研究运行稳定性实践

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开发推广先进燃煤发电技术支撑电力工业可持续发展\

张晓鲁

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第12期页码 52-57

摘要：

我国正处于加快转变经济发展方式的关键时期，能源需求持续增长，生态环境保护和气候压力对社会经济可持续发展的约束日渐严重。我国一次能源的结构特点决定了我国电力供应以燃煤发电为主的格局，而燃煤发电既是用煤大户也是用水大户，同时还是污染物排放大户。优化煤电发展，向集约化、环保化发展转变是电力工业的战略调整。本文论证了我国煤电技术向清洁化发展的战略思路，简要回顾了超超临界技术和大型空冷技术的研发成果与产业化推广现状，论述了这两项先进煤电技术对电力工业发展转型的支撑作用。

关键词：燃煤发电超超临界空冷集约化环保化发展

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Ultra-precision ductile grinding of BK7 using super abrasive diamond wheel

ZHAO Qingliang, Brinksmeier Ekkard, Riemer Oltmann, Rickens Kai

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第3期页码 350-355 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0061-3

摘要： In this paper, a novel conditioning technique using copper bonded diamond grinding wheels of 91 yD grain size and electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) is first developed to precisely and effectively condition a nickel-electroplated monolayer coarse-grained diamond grinding wheel of 151 μm grain size. Under optimised conditioning parameters, the super abrasive diamond wheel was well conditioned in terms of a minimized run-out error and flattened diamond grain surfaces of constant peripheral envelope. The conditioning force was monitored by a force transducer, while the modified wheel surface status was in-situ monitored by a coaxial optical distance measurement system. Finally, the grinding experiment on BK7 was conducted using the well-conditioned wheel with the corresponding surface morphology and subsurface damage measured by atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electric microscope (SEM), respectively. The experimental result shows that the newly developed conditioning technique is applicable and feasible to ductile grinding optical glass featuring nano scale surface roughness, indicating the potential of super abrasive diamond wheels in ductile machining brittle materials.

关键词： ELID peripheral electrolytic in-process nickel-electroplated monolayer measurement

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700 °C 及以上蒸汽温度下先进USC发电厂用耐热材料的研究和开发 Review

Fujio Abe

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第2期页码 211-224 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015031

摘要：

欧洲、美国、日本已开展蒸汽温度为700 °C 及以上的先进超超临界(A-USC) 发电厂用材料开发项目，以实现更高能效和低二氧化碳排放量。近年来中国、印度等也开展了上述项目的开发和研究。这些项目涉及采用镍基合金更换马氏体9%~12%Cr 钢以用于最高温度的锅炉和涡轮部件，从而在700 °C 及以上温度下提供充足的蠕变强度。为尽量减少对昂贵的镍基合金的需求，马氏体9%~12%Cr 钢可用于A-USC 电厂中的次高温部件(最高温度不超过650 °C)。

关键词：镍基合金 9 %~12 % Cr 钢蠕变强度蠕变疲劳性质焊缝晶界显微结构 &gamma &prime M₂₃C₆ 碳化物

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Key technical innovations in the construction of Baihetan Hydropower Station Project

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 367-372 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0253-5

摘要： Key technical innovations in the construction of Baihetan Hydropower Station Project

关键词： ultra-high arch dam columnar jointed basalt low-heat cement concrete temperature controlled crack prevention million-kilowatt unit intelligent construction

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A new heat transfer correlation for supercritical fluids

Yanhua YANG, Xu CHENG, Shanfang HUANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 226-232 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0022-0

摘要： A new method of heat transfer prediction in supercritical fluids is presented. Emphasis is put on the simplicity of the correlation structure and its explicit coupling with physical phenomena. Assessment of qualitative behaviour of heat transfer is conducted based on existing test data and experience gathered from open literature. Based on phenomenological analysis and test data evaluation, a single dimensionless number, the acceleration number, is introduced to correct the deviation of heat transfer from its conventional behaviour, which is predicted by the Dittus-Boelter equation. The new correlation structure excludes direct dependence of heat transfer coefficient on wall surface temperature and eliminates possible numerical convergence. The uncertainty analysis of test data provides information about the sources and the levels of uncertainties of various parameters and is highly required for the selection of both the dimensionless parameters implemented into the heat transfer correlation and the test data for the development and validation of new correlations. Comparison of various heat transfer correlations with the selected test data shows that the new correlation agrees better with the test data than other correlations selected from the open literature.

关键词： super critical fluids heat transfer circular tubes prediction method

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700 m级钢管混凝土拱桥设计与建造可行性研究

郑皆连,王建军,牟廷敏,冯智,韩玉,秦大燕

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第8期页码 33-37

摘要：

以500 m级钢管混凝土拱桥的设计和成套施工技术为基础，对700 m级钢管混凝土拱桥的设计和建造技术进行可行性研究，确定总体设计和施工方案研究结果表明，建造700 m级的钢管混凝土拱桥已不存在技术门槛，综合考虑经济、安全等因素，是该跨径级别的强力竞争桥型之一，应尽早进行工程实践和推广。

关键词：桥梁工程 700 m跨径级别钢管混凝土拱桥设计建造

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Full-band error control and crack-free surface fabrication techniques for ultra-precision fly cutting

WANG, C. H. AN, J. WANG, Q. XU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第2期页码 193-202 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0448-8

摘要：

Large-aperture potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals are widely used in the laser path of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) systems. The most common method of manufacturing half-meter KDP crystals is ultra-precision fly cutting. When processing KDP crystals by ultra-precision fly cutting, the dynamic characteristics of the fly cutting machine and fluctuations in the fly cutting environment are translated into surface errors at different spatial frequency bands. These machining errors should be suppressed effectively to guarantee that KDP crystals meet the full-band machining accuracy specified in the evaluation index. In this study, the anisotropic machinability of KDP crystals and the causes of typical surface errors in ultra-precision fly cutting of the material are investigated. The structures of the fly cutting machine and existing processing parameters are optimized to improve the machined surface quality. The findings are theoretically and practically important in the development of high-energy laser systems in China.

关键词： ultra-precision fly cutting large-aperture KDP crystals spatial frequency processing error

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大飞机气动总体技术的发展

张彦仲

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第5期页码 4-17

摘要：

论述了大飞机常规气动布局的发展，客机机身技术以及新型气动布局——翼身融合体飞机(BWB)的发展。分析了气动总体技术对于大型飞机的安全性、经济性、舒适性和环保性等方面的作用, 并结合国内的研究现状提出我国加强气动总体技术研究，走自主创新道路的意见。

关键词：大飞机气动超临界翼型翼梢小翼层流技术翼身融合体 CFD 风洞试验气动噪音

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Critical review of studies on building information modeling (BIM) in project management

C. CHAN, Xiaozhi MA, Wen YI, Xin ZHOU, Feng XIONG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第3期页码 394-406 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018203

摘要：

Building information modeling (BIM) and project management are two major research topics that accommodate large volumes of research efforts. BIM has been interpreted as a process technology that aids in enhancing project management. Hence, the investigation from an interdisciplinary perspective of the two concepts may bring new insights to understanding related research. In this paper, a structural approach is adopted in reviewing BIM studies in project management from 2005 to 2017 within identified target journals. This review aims to classify the major research directions and topics for BIM research in project management. Moreover, given BIM’s potential for application in project management, this paper attempts to establish a fundamental research foundation for a new paradigm of project management that incorporates BIM, namely, BIM-based project management. The preliminary result suggests that BIM research in project management develops drastically in the examined duration. The research directions of BIM studies in project management include enabling BIM as a technology in project management; BIM application as a solution for specific project management scopes; integration issues of BIM that have been brought to project management; institutional environment and regulatory governance of BIM in realizing project management strategies; and analysis of effects and strategies of BIM adoption and implementation in projects. The directions and trends are then analyzed to develop a research route for BIM studies in project management. Finally, conclusions focus on the relations of the research directions, as well as the contributions and theoretical implications of this review. Future research areas are also recommended.

关键词： building information modeling (BIM) project management review BIM-based project management

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超临界化——优化我国火电结构应从这里起步

宋之平

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第2期页码 22-27

摘要：

文章认为优化火电结构应放在超临界化上，使超临界机组和超超临界机组在我国火电中占据举足轻重的比例。而且这些机组的主要性能指标以及环保性能等应不逊于同类机组的国际水平。论述了超临界技术在优化火电结构的特殊作用，指出超临界化已被证明是改造和优化火电结构的一种成功的道路，阐明了我国实施这一发展道路的必要性和可能性。

关键词：火电结构超临界超超临界可持续发展战略

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A solution to stochastic unit commitment problem for a wind-thermal system coordination

B. SARAVANAN,Shreya MISHRA,Debrupa NAG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 192-200 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0306-x

摘要： Unit commitment (UC) problem is one of the most important decision making problems in power system. In this paper the UC problem is solved by considering it as a real time problem by adding stochasticity in the generation side because of wind-thermal co-ordination system as well as stochasticity in the load side by incorporating the randomness of the load. The most important issue that needs to be addressed is the achievement of an economic unit commitment solution after solving UC as a real time problem. This paper proposes a hybrid approach to solve the stochastic unit commitment problem considering the volatile nature of wind and formulating the UC problem as a chance constrained problem in which the load is met with high probability over the entire time period.

关键词： unit commitment (UC) randomness wind generation univariate chance constrained

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Solving unit commitment problem using a novel version of harmony search algorithm

Roozbeh MORSALI,Tohid JAFARI,Amirhossein GHODS,Mohammad KARIMI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 297-304 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0309-7

摘要： In this context, a novel structure was proposed for improving harmony search (HS) algorithm to solve the unit comment (UC) problem. The HS algorithm obtained optimal solution for defined objective function by improvising, updating and checking operators. In the proposed improved self-adaptive HS (SGHS) algorithm, two important control parameters were adjusted to reach better solution from the simple HS algorithm. The objective function of this study consisted of operation, start-up and shut-down costs. To confirm the effectiveness, the SGHS algorithm was tested on systems with 10, 20, 40 and 60 generating units, and the obtained results were compared with those of the simple HS algorithm and other related works.

关键词： generation scheduling harmony search (HS) algorithm intelligent technique unit commitment